From: The impact of mass drug administration of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of target populations
Reason for MDA | First author | Year | Study Design | Specimen collection and Sequencing | Country | Target population | Intervention | Major findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IAP | Aloisio, I [158] | 2016 | Cross-sectional study | 200 mg stool, 16S rRNA gene V2, V3, V4, V6, V7, and V8 amplification and sequencing | Italy | Vaginally delivered, full-term neonates with no prior antibiotic exposure sampled at 6–7 days of age (n = 20) | 2 g of IV ampicillin ≤ 4 h before delivery, then 1 g every 4 h during labor until delivery (GBS-positive mothers) versus no IAP (GBS-negative mothers) | 40%–50% decreased microbiome diversity, greater abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, and reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. |
IAP | Azad, MB [76] | 2016 | Prospective cohort study | 80–200 mg stool, 16S rRNA gene V4 amplification and sequencing | Canada | Full-term infants sampled at 3 and 12 months of age in four comparison groups: (i) no IAP with vaginal delivery, (ii) IAP with vaginal delivery, (iii) IAP with elective CS delivery, and (iv) IAP with emergency CS delivery (n = 198) | IAP in accordance with Canadian practice guidelines predominantly using, cefazolin (CS deliveries), IAP for GBS prophylaxis or pre-labor rupture of membranes predominantly using, penicillin (vaginal delivery) | 7% decrease in microbiome diversity with vaginal delivery and IAP at 3 months, and 14% increase in microbiome diversity with CS and IAP at 1 year; greater abundance of bacteria in the Proteobacteria phylum and reduced abundance of bacteria in the Bacteroidetes phylum with IAP at 3 months and 1 year |
IAP | Mazzola, G [77] | 2016 | Prospective cohort study | 200 mg stool, 16S rRNA gene V3–V4 amplification and sequencing | Italy | Vaginally delivered, full-term infants with no prior antibiotic exposure sampled at 7 and 30 d in four comparison groups: (i) breast-fed infants born to GBS-negative mothers, not receiving IAP, (i), breast-fed infants born to GBS-positive receiving IAP, (iii) mixed-fed infants born to GBS-negative mothers not receiving IAP, (iv) mixed-fed infants born to GB positive receiving, IAP (n = 26) | 2 g IV ampicillin at labor then 1 g every h up to a maximum of 4 g to prevent infant GBS infection (GBS-positive mothers) | Decreased microbiome diversity in breast-fed IAP exposed versus breast-fed IAP unexposed infants, greater abundance of bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family and reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. in breast fed infants IAP exposed versus breast-fed IAP unexposed infants |
IAP | Nogacka, A [78] | 2017 | Prospective cohort study | Stool, 16S rRNA gene V3 amplification and sequencing | Spain | Vaginally delivered, full-term neonates with no prior antibiotic exposure sampled at 2, 10, 30, and 90 days of age (n = 40) | 5 million units of penicillin followed by 2.5 million units every 4 h until delivery (GBS-positive or suspected mothers) versus no IAP (GBS-negative mothers) | Reduced abundance of bacteria in the Actinobacteria phylum at 10 days and increased abundance of bacteria Firmicutes phylum at 10 and 90 days |
IAP | Stearns, JC [75] | 2017 | Prospective cohort study | 100–200 mg stool, 16S rRNA gene V3 amplification and sequencing | Canada | Vaginally delivered, full-term, singleton infants sampled at 3 d, 10 d, 6 weeks and 12 weeks (n = 74) | IAP with penicillin G, cefazolin, ampicillin, cephalexin to prevent infant GBS infection versus no IAP | More phylogenetically similar microbiome composition with IAP at 6 weeks of age, and reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and increased abundance of bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae family at 6 and 10 weeks |
IAP | Kamal, SS [79] | 2019 | RCT | 200 mg stool, 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 amplification and sequencing | Denmark | Cesarean delivered infants sampled at 10 d and 9 months of age (n = 42) | Single dose of IV 1,500 mg cefuroxime administered 15–60 min prior to surgical incision versus immediately after umbilical cord clamping | 15%–37% greater microbiome diversity in infants born to mothers who received IAP immediately after cord-clamping at 9 months |
IAP | Coker, MO [74] | 2020 | Prospective cohort study | Stool, 16S rRNA gene V4–V5 amplification and sequencing | United States of America | Vaginally delivered, full-term infants sampled at 6 weeks and 12 months of age (n = 266) | Maternal antibiotic use for prevention of infant GBS infection categorized into the five groups: (i) no IAP, (ii) penicillin like only (amoxicillin, penicillin), (iii) cephalosporins only (cefazolin, cephalexin), (iv) multi-drug classes (two or more drugs under the category of penicillin, cephalosporin, vancomycin, clindamycin and/or gentamicin), and (v) other classes (aminoglycosides, glycopeptides or lincomycin only) | Decreased in microbiome diversity at 6 weeks with penicillin-like IAP and at 1 year with multiclass IAP; reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. and Bacteroides spp. at 6 weeks and 1 year with penicillin-like IAP |
IAP | Zhou, P [159] | 2020 | Cross-sectional study | Neonatal meconium, 16S rRNA gene V4 amplification and sequencing | China | Vaginally delivered singleton, full-term or pre-term neonates with no prior antibiotic exposure sampled at birth (n = 98) | 2 g IV cefazolin every 12 h ≤ 48 h before delivery for the prevention of GBS newborn infection versus no IAP | Greater similarity in meconium microbiome composition among infants born to mothers who received IAP |