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Table 1 Description of the model compartments

From: Optimization of COVID-19 prevention and control measures during the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics: a model-based study

Compartment

Description

\(S\)

Susceptible individuals

\(E\)

Exposed individuals (infected but not infectious)

\(A\)

Asymptomatic infected persons with infectious ability

\(I\)

Symptomatic infected persons with infectious ability

\(R\)

Recovered individuals, get antibodies after recovery

\(V\)

Vaccinated individuals, finished the whole course of COVID-19 vaccination but some did not produce antibodies, still susceptible

\({S}_{q}\)

Quarantined susceptible individuals, close contacts who are not actually infected and will not be infected during the quarantine period

\({V}_{q}\)

Quarantined vaccinated individuals, close contacts who are vaccinated and are not actually infected, will not be infected during quarantine

\({E}_{q}\)

Quarantined exposed individuals, close contacts who are infected but not yet infectious, will be identified through close contact tracing of the infected person and admitted to hospital after testing positive

\(H\)

Hospitalized individuals, infected person (whether asymptomatic or not) admitted to hospital after being detected

\(P\)

Viruses in the environment, excreted by undetected infected individuals, can infect susceptible individuals and vaccinated individuals who have not produced antibodies