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Table 2 Behavioral risk factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among the examined children (Kafr El-Sheikh, 2019)

From: Determinants of Schistosoma mansoni transmission in hotspots at the late stage of elimination in Egypt

 

Varaible (n = 861)

Total n (%)

Negative n (%)

Positive n (%)

OR (95% CI)

P

Contact with canal water

 Yes

421 (48.9)

354 (84.1)

67 (15.9)

1.62 (1.09–2.42)

0.018*

 No®

440 (51.1)

394 (89.5)

46 (9.5)

1.00

Site of contact (n = 421)#

 Bank®

257 (61.0)

230 (89.5)

27 (10.5)

1.00

 

 Main body

55 (13.1)

42 (76.4)

13 (23.6)

2.64(1.26–5.52)

0.008*

 Both

109 (25.9)

82 (75.2)

27 (24.7)

2.80(1.56–5.06)

 < 0.001**

Main causes for canal water contact$

Washing clothes

Yes

132 (15.3)

106 (80.3)

26 (19.7)

1.81 (1.12–2.94)

0.015*

No®

729 (84.7)

642 (88.1)

87 (11.9)

1.00

Irrigation

Yes

53 (6.2)

40 (75.5)

13 (24.5)

2.56 (1.32–4.96)

0.004*

No®

808(93.8)

708(87.2)

100(12.4)

1.00

Water collection

Yes

112 (13.0)

82 (73.2)

30 (26.8)

2.94 (1.82–4.73)

 < 0.001**

No®

749(87.0)

666(88.9)

83(11.1)

1.00

Bathing

Yes

68 (7.9)

53 (77.9)

15 (22.1)

2.34 (1.21–4.13)

0.009**

No®

793 (92.1)

695 (87.6)

98(12.4)

1.00

Previous PZQ treatment

No

272 (31.6)

244 (79.7)

28(10.3)

0.68 (0.43–1.01)

0.095

Yes ®

589 (68.4)

504 (85.6)

85 (14.4)

1.00

Visited health care facilities

HCU®

103 (12.0)

93 (90.3)

10 (9.7)

1.00

 

Governmental hospital

462 (53.7)

406 (87.9)

56 (12.1)

1.28 (0.63–2.60)

0.491

Private clinic

296 (34.3)

249(84.1)

47 (15.9)

1.76 (0.86–3.62)

0.12

Garbage disposal

Canal water

82 (9.5)

62 (75.6)

20 (24.4)

2.38 (1.38–4.12)

 < 0.001**

Garbage collection vehicles/areas®

779 (90.5)

686 (88.1)

93 (11.9)

1.00

  1. ® is reference value; #n = 421 as this is the total number of participants who contacted canal water; $this is a multiple response question and were asked even the respondent replied “no” to contact with water canal question; *: statistical significance P < 0.05; **: high statistical significance P < 0.01
  2. OR Odd ratio, CI Confidential interval, PZQ Praziquantel