Table 4 Prevalence estimates of Ascaris infection, according to a priori-defined subgroups and socio-demographic geographic parameters
From: Global prevalence of Ascaris infection in humans (2010–2021): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Variable: Subgroup | Number datasets | Number of people screened (total) | Number of test positive people | Pooled prevalence, % (95% CI) | Prevalence ratio, % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of population | |||||
Children | 494 | 969,034 | 112,608 | 13.50 (12.39–14.65) | 8.82 (8.73–8.91) |
Adult | 8 | 8479 | 290 | 8.85 (1.53–20.25) | 2.59 (2.31–2.90) |
Total population | 256 | 3,946,363 | 51,981 | 6.89 (6.19–7.63) | 1 |
Gender | |||||
Male | 138 | 477,521 | 22,559 | 14.61 (12.64–16.68) | 1 |
Female | 138 | 417,804 | 22,260 | 14.67 (12.61–16.86) | 1.12 (1.10–1.14) |
Residence | |||||
Urban | 143 | 75,535 | 6222 | 10.02 (7.29–13.12) | 1 |
Rural | 143 | 118,029 | 17,341 | 17.33 (14.21–20.69) | 1.78 (1.73–1.83) |
Age, years | |||||
≤ 5 | 51 | 17,863 | 2192 | 15.19 (10.69–20.29) | 1.97 (1.87–2.07) |
6–11 | 50 | 64,428 | 4008 | 15.96 (11.68–20.74) | 1 |
12–18 | 71 | 176,149 | 23,029 | 14.14 (11.67–16.80) | 2.10 (2.03–2.17) |
19–30 | 9 | 7538 | 1373 | 19.52 (9.55–31.65) | 2.92 (2.76–3.09) |
31–50 | 5 | 2323 | 637 | 22.53 (8.93–39.94) | 4.40 (4.09–4.74) |
≥ 51 | 4 | 1467 | 378 | 25.82 (23.59–28.12) | 4.14 (3.77–4.54) |
Diagnostic method used | |||||
Routine parasitological methodsa | 353 | 3,207,496 | 43,680 | 9.22 (8.45–10.01) | 1 |
Kato-Katz | 368 | 1,693,547 | 117,567 | 12.68 (11.40–14.01) | 5.09 (5.04–5.15) |
Othersb | 37 | 22,833 | 3275 | 11.90 (7.29–17.43) | 10.53 (10.19–10.88) |
Income | |||||
Low | 153 | 473,915 | 59,829 | 13.23 (11.64–14.91) | 5.34 (5.15–5.54) |
Lower middle | 385 | 1,072,320 | 77,869 | 12.17 (10.89–13.52) | 3.07 (2.96–3.19) |
Upper middle | 178 | 3,252,040 | 24,217 | 9.97 (9.14–10.83) | 0.31 (0.30–0.32) |
High | 42 | 125,601 | 2964 | 0.88 (0.33–1.64) | 1 |
Human development index (HDI) | |||||
Low | 273 | 583,335 | 70,802 | 12.31 (11.01–13.67) | 5.64 (5.51–5.77) |
Medium | 210 | 2,524,185 | 43,210 | 11.71 (10.24–13.25) | 0.79 (0.77–0.81) |
High | 190 | 1,444,298 | 42,864 | 11.45 (10.17–12.79) | 1.37 (1.34–1.41) |
Very high | 85 | 372,058 | 8003 | 5.01 (3.90–6.25) | 1 |
Risk of bias | |||||
Low | 378 | 4,405,898 | 139,663 | 7.81 (6.94–8.73) | 1 |
Moderate | 269 | 477,606 | 21,430 | 14.28 (12.68–15.96) | 1.41 (1.39–1.43) |
High | 111 | 40,372 | 3786 | 16.23 (12.77–20.02) | 2.95 (2.86–3.05) |
Year of publication | |||||
2010–2013 | 206 | 513,557 | 24,369 | 9.18 (7.87–10.58) | 2.24 (2.20–2.27) |
2014–2017 | 300 | 1,221,037 | 73,006 | 12.61 (11.15–14.15) | 2.82 (2.79–2.85) |
2018–2021 | 252 | 3,189,282 | 67,504 | 10.73 (9.57–11.95) | 1 |
Year of start sampling | |||||
Before 2010 | 197 | 1,500,014 | 39,518 | 8.52 (7.57–9.53) | 1 |
2010–2015 | 412 | 2,862,290 | 108,649 | 12.59 (11.22–14.02) | 1.44 (1.42–1.45) |
2016–2021 | 149 | 561,572 | 16,712 | 10.24 (8.53–12.09) | 1.12 (1.10–1.14) |
Year of end sampling | |||||
Before 2010 | 150 | 504,076 | 28,385 | 9.91 (8.21–11.74) | 2.04 (2.01–2.07) |
2010–2015 | 413 | 3,390,700 | 108,179 | 12.15 (11.01–13.34) | 1.15 (1.14–1.17) |
2016–2021 | 195 | 1,029,100 | 28,315 | 9.57 (8.42–10.79) | 1 |