Table 10 Mantel-Haenszel χ² results for the association of variable A (place of residence) with variable B after controlling for the confounding factors (education level, age and gender)

Self-reported COVID-19 symptoms

 Dyspnea

11.40

< 0.05

32.33

< 0.05

37.66

< 0.05

 Cough

1.56

> 0.05*

7.39

< 0.05

9.53

< 0.05

 Sore throat

4.35

< 0.05

32.34

< 0.05

31.35

< 0.05

 Abdominal pain

7.77

< 0.05

34.37

< 0.05

42.37

< 0.05

 Diarrhea

8.20

< 0.05

44.36

< 0.05

44.51

< 0.05

 Nausea

6.17

< 0.05

24.36

< 0.05

29.51

< 0.05

 Xerostomia

5.43

< 0.05

17.11

< 0.05

24.77

< 0.05

 Tiredness and fatigue

1.53

> 0.05*

1.40

> 0.05*

5.51

< 0.05

 Headache

1.41

> 0.05*

4.06

< 0.05

5.46

< 0.05

 Anorexia

4.97

< 0.05

18.25

< 0.05

22.82

< 0.05

 Dizziness

6.84

< 0.05

28.30

< 0.05

34.32

< 0.05

 Fever

5.94

< 0.05

12.91

< 0.05

10.90

< 0.05

 Urticaria

17.33

< 0.05

53.55

< 0.05

53.64

< 0.05

 Anosmia or ageusia

4.49

< 0.05

14.29

< 0.05

17.96

< 0.05

Used antibiotics

13.11

< 0.05

22.39

< 0.05

36.73

< 0.05

The belief that COVID-19 vaccines are safe in the long-term

1.94

> 0.05

1.69

> 0.05

10.78

< 0.05*

The belief that COVID-19 vaccines are effective and help in combating the pandemic

3.51

> 0.05

8.21

< 0.05*

16.80

< 0.05*

Faced difficulties or restrictions upon the registration to receive a COVID-19 vaccine

9.86

< 0.05*

17.62

< 0.05*

18.99

< 0.05*

COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy

2.82

> 0.05

24.81

< 0.05*

2.29

< 0.05*

Refused to receive a vaccine in the past

2.44

> 0.05

8.41

< 0.05*

8.95

< 0.05*

Received a COVID-19 vaccine

9.98

< 0.05*

72.16

< 0.05*

109.60

< 0.05*

Number of doses

8.94

< 0.05*

16.56

< 0.05*

10.52

< 0.05*

Experienced any adverse effects following COVID-19 vaccination

1.00

> 0.05

0.23

> 0.05

8.55

< 0.05*

Advised other people to get vaccinated for COVID-19

6.73

< 0.05*

5.99

< 0.05*

12.45

< 0.05*

Post-COVID-19 vaccination side effects

 Fever

3.92

< 0.05

7.80

< 0.05

11.95

< 0.05

 Fatigue

1.46

> 0.05

4.02

< 0.05*

1.70

> 0.05

 Headache

0.29

> 0.05*

0.65

> 0.05*

3.12

> 0.05*

 Joints pain and myalgia

0.36

> 0.05

0.00

> 0.05

2.06

> 0.05

 Injection site reactions

0.00

> 0.05

2.15

> 0.05

1.34

> 0.05

 Swollen ankles and feet

8.27

< 0.05

24.71

< 0.05

27.98

< 0.05

 Nausea

5.13

< 0.05*

14.34

< 0.05*

18.81

< 0.05*

 Abdominal pain

4.92

< 0.05*

16.23

< 0.05*

16.45

< 0.05*

 Diarrhea

5.75

< 0.05*

21.81

< 0.05*

22.21

< 0.05*

 Nosebleed

13.21

< 0.05

36.50

< 0.05

34.41

< 0.05

 Bleeding gums

11.82

< 0.05

34.67

< 0.05

34.15

< 0.05

 Bruises

9.27

< 0.05

28.15

< 0.05

29.01

< 0.05

 Urticaria

10.51

< 0.05

34.10

< 0.05

35.06

< 0.05

 Abnormal blood pressure

9.05

< 0.05

22.91

< 0.05

25.49

< 0.05

The belief that the adherence to social distancing, sterilization procedures and wearing a face mask is necessary whether the vaccine is taken or not

12.37

< 0.05*

16.56

< 0.05*

6.69

< 0.05*

The belief that the governmental and private institutions and centers were properly following the appropriate sterilization, public health and safety procedures

18.33

< 0.05*

30.31

< 0.05*

40.96

< 0.05*