Table 3 Characteristics of patients with imported malaria in China from 2014 to 2021
Characteristics | Delayed care-seeking | Delayed diagnosis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes, n (%) | No, n (%) | χ 2 | P-value | Yes, n (%) | No, n (%) | χ 2 | P-value | |
Sex | 0.094 | 0.760 | 0.078 | 0.780 | ||||
Male | 652 (11.79) | 4880 (88.21) | 1662 (30.04) | 3870 (69.96) | ||||
Female | 29 (12.45) | 204 (87.55) | 72 (30.90) | 161 (69.10) | ||||
Age (years) | 10.892 | 0.012 | 7.016 | 0.071 | ||||
< 30 | 99 (9.74) | 917 (90.26) | 335 (32.97) | 681 (67.03) | ||||
30–39 | 178 (10.74) | 1480 (89.27) | 467 (28.17) | 1191 (71.83) | ||||
40–49 | 267 (13.25) | 1748 (86.75) | 611 (30.32) | 1404 (69.68) | ||||
≥ 50 | 137 (12.73) | 939 (87.27) | 321 (29.83) | 755 (70.17) | ||||
Purpose of travel | 1.938 | 0.585 | 33.377 | < 0.001 | ||||
Labor | 562 (11.96) | 4138 (88.04) | 1363 (29.00) | 3337 (71.00) | ||||
Official duties | 33 (13.31) | 215 (86.69) | 110 (44.35) | 138 (55.65) | ||||
Business | 70 (10.46) | 599 (89.54) | 202 (30.19) | 467 (69.81) | ||||
Others | 16 (10.81) | 132 (89.19) | 59 (39.86) | 89 (60.14) | ||||
Region of travel | 14.064 | < 0.001 | 17.099 | < 0.001 | ||||
African countries | 636 (11.49) | 4900 (88.51) | 1637 (29.57) | 3899 (70.43) | ||||
Non-African countries | 45 (19.65) | 184 (80.35) | 97 (42.36) | 132 (57.64) | ||||
Malaria species | 40.623 | < 0.001 | 7.828 | 0.020 | ||||
Plasmodium falciparum | 401 (10.04) | 3595 (89.96) | 1157 (28.95) | 2839 (71.05) | ||||
Non-P. falciparum | 264 (15.65) | 1423 (84.35) | 550 (32.60) | 1137 (67.40) | ||||
Mixed-infections | 16 (19.51) | 66 (80.49) | 27 (32.93) | 55 (67.07) | ||||
The level of health facilities for initial medical visit | 47.552 | < 0.001 | 1195.312 | < 0.001 | ||||
Private/village | 44 (6.31) | 654 (93.69) | 565 (81.06) | 132 (18.94) | ||||
Township-level | 30 (10.79) | 248 (89.21) | 140 (50.36) | 138 (49.64) | ||||
County-level | 300 (11.01) | 2424 (88.99) | 434 (15.93) | 2290 (84.07) | ||||
City-level | 212 (16.13) | 1102 (83.87) | 339 (25.80) | 975 (74.20) | ||||
Province-level | 83 (13.24) | 544 (86.76) | 205 (32.70) | 422 (67.30) | ||||
Others | 12 (9.60) | 113 (90.40) | 51 (40.80) | 74 (59.20) | ||||
Diagnosis at the first visit | NA | NA | 2365.492 | < 0.001 | ||||
Other diseases | 1184 (80.11) | 294 (19.89) | ||||||
Malaria | 550 (12.83) | 3737 (87.17) | ||||||
Time from arrival in China to symptom onset (days)a | 10.476 | 0.005 | 1.778 | 0.411 | ||||
≤ 30 days | 393 (10.77) | 3255 (89.23) | 1118 (30.65) | 2530 (69.35) | ||||
> 30 days | 153 (13.34) | 994 (86.66) | 339 (29.56) | 808 (70.44) | ||||
Missing | 135 (13.92) | 835 (86.08) | 277 (28.56) | 693 (71.44) | ||||
History of malaria infection | 0.611 | 0.435 | 103.039 | < 0.001 | ||||
No | 205 (12.33) | 1457 (87.67) | 660 (39.71) | 1002 (60.29) | ||||
Yes | 476 (11.60) | 3267 (88.40) | 1074 (26.18) | 3029 (73.82) | ||||