Household catastrophic payments for tuberculosis care in Nigeria: incidence, determinants, and policy implications for universal health coverage

Table 4 Distribution of household direct costs and incidence of catastrophic payments for TB across income quartiles, Nigeria, 2011

Indicator	Income quartile^a
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	All
*Frequency*	174	66	134	78	452
*Average direct costs of TB care (US$)* ^b	128	144	158	208	157
*Average annual household income (US$)*	644	880	1313	2071	1123
*Direct costs share of household income (%)*	20	16	12	10	14
*Average capacity to pay* ^c *(US$)*	319	320	675	985	540
*Households with catastrophic expenditure (%)*
I = >10% of household income	88	100	45	31	65
II = ≥40% of capacity to pay	69	46	27	15	44

US$ = United States dollar.
^aQuartile 1 is the poorest and Quartile 4 is the wealthiest.
^bBased on a currency exchange rate of 150 Nigeria Naira to US$1.00.
^cCapacity to pay = household income minus food expenditure (income after expenditures for food).

ISSN: 2049-9957