Characteristics | All | Urban | Rural | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 668 | 460 | 208 | |
Age groups in years, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
18–24 | 112 (16.8) | 78 (17.0) | 34 (16.4) | |
25–33 | 199 (29.8) | 151 (32.8) | 48 (23.1) | |
34–43 | 220 (32.9) | 155 (33.7) | 65 (31.3) | |
≥ 44 | 137 (20.5) | 76 (16.5) | 61 (29.3) | |
Sex, n (%) | 0.81 | |||
Female | 214 (32.0) | 146 (31.7) | 68 (32.7) | |
Male | 454 (68.0) | 314 (68.3) | 140 (67.3) | |
HIV status, n (%) | ||||
Negative | 497 (74.4) | 352 (76.5) | 145 (69.7) | |
Positive | 167 (25.0) | 108 (23.5) | 59 (28.4) | 0.18 |
Unknown | 4 (0.6) | 0 | 4 (1.9) | |
Time to ART initiation in days, median (IQR) | 15 (11–35) | 14 (11.5–20.5) | 24 (11–64) | 0.001 |
Education level, n (%) | 0.85 | |||
No/primary | 552 (82.6) | 381 (82.8) | 171 (82.2) | |
Secondary/university | 116 (17.4) | 79 (17.2) | 37 (17.8) | |
Occupation, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Unemployed | 257 (38.5) | 100 (21.7) | 157 (75.5) | |
Employed | 411 (61.5) | 360 (78.3) | 51 (24.5) | |
Smoking status a, n (%) | 166 (24.9) | 122 (26.5) | 44 (21.2) | 0.18 |
Alcohol abuse b, n (%) | 158 (23.7) | 105 (22.8) | 53 (25.5) | 0.46 |
People in the household, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
≤ 3 | 428 (64.1) | 315 (68.5) | 113 (54.3) | |
> 3 | 240 (35.9) | 145 (31.5) | 95 (45.7) | |
History of TB contact, n (%) | 101 (15.1) | 59 (12.8) | 42 (20.2) | 0.014 |
Household monthly income, n (%) | 0.032 | |||
< 100 USD | 459 (68.7) | 328 (71.3) | 131 (63.0) | |
≥ 100 USD | 209 (31.3) | 132 (28.7) | 77 (37.0) | |
Patient category | < 0.001 | |||
New case | 643 (96.3) | 454 (98.7) | 189 (90.9) | |
Recurrent case | 24 (3.5) | 6 (1.3) | 18 (8.7) | |
Return after lost to follow-up case | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.5) | |
BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 18.3 (16.7–20.3) | 18.5 (17–20.4) | 17.5 (16.2–19.6) | < 0.001 |
BMI categories in kg/m2, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
Underweight, < 18.5 | 362 (54.2) | 229 (49.8) | 133 (63.9) | |
Normal, 18.5–24.9 | 278 (41.6) | 205 (44.6) | 73 (35.1) | |
Overweight, 25.0–29.9 | 21 (3.1) | 20 (4.4) | 1 (0.5) | |
Obese, ≥ 30 | 7 (1.1) | 6 (1.3) | 1 (0.5) | |
Hb level in g/dl, median (IQR) | 11.0 (9.7–12.5) | 11.1 (9.9–12.6) | 11.0 (9.3–12.1) | 0.27 |
Body fat in %, median (IQR) | 10.8 (8.0–14.8) | 10.6 (7.8–14.8) | 11.5 (8.3–14.8) | 0.087 |
Diagnosis delay in weeks, median (IQR) | 4 (3–8) | 4 (3–6) | 8 (4–12) | < 0.001 |
Diagnosis delay in weeks, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
≤ 3 weeks | 174 (26.1) | 153 (33.4) | 21 (10.1) | |
> 3 weeks | 492 (73.9) | 305 (66.6) | 187 (89.9) | |
Visiting traditional healers, n (%) | 86 (12.9) | 26 (5.7) | 60 (28.9) | < 0.001 |
Helminth factors, n (%) | ||||
Occupational risk c | 274 (41.0) | 232 (50.4) | 42 (20.2) | < 0.001 |
Individual deworming d | 377 (56.4) | 304 (66.1) | 73 (35.1) | < 0.001 |
Part of mass drug campaign d | 83 (12.4) | 73 (15.9) | 10 (4.8) | < 0.001 |