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Table 2 Crude and adjusted odds ratio between history of praziquantel treatments and O. viverrini infection and 95% confidence interval adjusted for all other factors using multiple logistic regression

From: Repeated praziquantel treatment and Opisthorchis viverrini infection: a population-based cross-sectional study in northeast Thailand

Factors

Number

% OVa

cOR

aOR

95% CI

P-value

Over all

3081

17.0

NAb

NAb

NAb

NAb

History of PZQ treatment

 Never

1782

15.2

1

1

  

 Once

855

18.1

1.23

1.09

0.88–1.37

0.433

 Twice

252

19.8

1.38

1.19

0.85–1.68

0.310

 Three times

85

21.2

1.50

1.28

0.74–2.21

0.375

 More than three times

107

28.0

2.17*

1.86

1.18–2.93

0.007

Gender

 Women

1908

15.7

1

1

  

 Men

1173

19.1

1.27*

1.07

0.79–1.44

0.667

Age group (years)

 40–44

417

10.3

1

1

  

 45–49

604

14.1

1.42

1.32

0.89–1.96

0.168

 50–54

669

16.6

1.73*

1.54

1.05–2.25

0.027

 55–59

582

17.0

1.78*

1.59

1.08–2.36

0.019

 60 years and over

802

23.2

2.63*

2.10

1.44–3.04

0.000

Education levels

 Primary and lower

1972

19.9

1

1

  

 Secondary

882

13.3

0.62*

0.76

0.60–0.96

0.022

 Certificate and higher

227

6.6

0.29*

0.48

0.27–0.86

0.013

Occupation

 Unemployed

114

18.4

1

1

  

 Farmer

2348

19.0

1.04

1.16

0.70–1.91

0.572

 Others

619

9.1

0.44*

0.65

0.36–1.15

0.140

Smoking history

 No

2257

15.8

1

1

  

 Yes, current or previous

824

20.4

1.37*

1.15

0.84–1.58

0.375

Alcohol consumption history

 No

1122

16.6

1

1

  

 Yes, current or previous

1959

17.3

1.05

0.96

0.76–1.21

0.749

History of raw fish eating

 No

199

15.6

1

1

  

 Yes, current or previous

2882

17.1

1.12

0.97

0.65–1.47

0.908

Distance of sub-district to water source

 < 1 km

2884

17.5

1

1

  

 1 km and over

197

10.2

0.53*

0.60

0.37–0.97

0.038

  1. cOR Crude odds ratio, aOR Adjusted odds ratio
  2. *indicates cORs with a significance level of P < 0.05
  3. aOV: Opisthorchis viverrini
  4. bNot applicable