Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

Table 3 Predictors of residual asexual parasitaemia 1 day post-initiation of artemisinin-based combination treatments in acutely malarious children

Variable	Total number	Number with APPD1	OR (95% CI)	P value	aOR (95% CI)	P value
Gender
Female	615	339	1
Male	726	429	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	0.16	–	–
Age (month)
> 24	963	550	1
≤ 24	378	218	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	0.9	–	–
Temperature at presentation (°C)
≤ 37.4	409	234	1
> 37.4	932	534	1.0 (0.8–1.3)	1.0	–	–
Fever on day 1
Absent	1189	712	1
Present	132	82	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	0.33	–	–
Haematocrit at presentation (%)
< 30	728	425	1
≥ 30	526	288	0.9 (0.7–1.2)	0.22	–	–
Haematocrit on day 1 (%)
≤ 27	275	140	1		1
> 27	640	384	1.4 (1.1–1.9)	0.01	1.6 (1.2–2.1)	0.002
Enrolment Parasitaemia (μl⁻¹)
≤ 75 000	1148	631	1		1
> 75 000	193	137	2.0 (1.3–3)	< 0.0001	1.9 (1.3–2.7)	0.002
Gametocytaemia
Absent	1029	593	1
Present	188	115	1.2 (0.8–1.6)	0.41	–	–
Drug treatment
AA	678	359	1
AL	663	409	1.4 (1.2–1.8)	0.001	1.8 (1.1–2.8)	0.01
Period of enrolment
2009–2010	743	398	1
2014–2015	598	370	1.4 (1.1–1.8)	0.003	1.8 (1.4–2.4)	< 0.0001

APPD1 Asexual parasite positivity 1 day post-treatment initiation, OR Odd ratio, aOR Adjusted odd ratio, CI Confidence interval, AL Artemether-lumefantrine, AA Artesunate-amodiaquine

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