Fig. 2

Resistance profiles of Anopheles coluzzii populations from N’djamena and Massakory. a. Results of WHO susceptibility bioassays with insecticides from different classes. Results are average of percentage mortalities from four replicates each ± SEM; b. Determination of resistance intensity with 5× and 10× the diagnostic concentrations of permethrin and deltamethrin. Results are average of percentage mortalities ± SEM; c. Results of cone bioassays with PermaNet®3.0 (side and roof), PermaNet®2.0, Olyset®Plus and Olyset®Net. Results are average of percentage mortalities ± SEM of five replicates; d. Effect of pre-exposure to synergist PBO against permethrin and deltamethrin. Results are average of percentage mortalities from four replicates each ± SEM. *** = statistically significant at P < 0.001, in a Chi-square test of independence between results from synergists bioassay and conventional bioassays