Table 2 Physical characteristics of the anopheline larvae breeding habitats from the irrigated and non-irrigated area, in and around Arjo-Dedessa sugar development site, southwest Ethiopia (2017–2018)
Physical characteristics | Sites | Total n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-irrigated area n (%) | Irrigated area n (%) | |||
Substrate | Muddy | 54 (98.2) | 97 (100.0) | 151 (99.3) |
Sandy | 1 (1.8) | - | 1 (0.7) | |
Vegetation presence | No | 21 (38.2) | 46 (47.4) | 67 (41.1) |
Yes | 34 (61.8) | 51 (52.6) | 85 (55.9) | |
Vegetation type (N = 85) | Emergent | 25 (73.5) | 31 (60.7) | 56 (65.8) |
Submersed | 9 (26.5) | 8 (15.7) | 17 (20.0) | |
Floating | - | 2 (3.9) | 2 (2.3) | |
Shaded | - | 5 (9.8) | 5 (5.8) | |
Mixed | - | 5 (9.8) | 5 (5.8) | |
Turbidity | Clear | 21 (38.2) | 23 (23.7) | 44 (28.9) |
Turbid | 19 (34.6) | 47 (48.5) | 66 (43.5) | |
More turbid | 15 (27.2) | 26 (26.8) | 41 (26.9 | |
Exposure to sun | Shady | - | 1 (1.0) | 1 (0.7) |
Partially shady | 2 (3.6) | 9 (9.3) | 11 (7.2) | |
Sunlit | 53 (96.4) | 87 (89.7) | 140 (92.1) | |
Seasonality | Permanent | 5 (9.1) | 24 (24.7) | 29 (19.1) |
Temporal | 50 (89.9) | 73 (75.3) | 122 (80.3) | |
Land use type | Shrub land | 2 (3.6) | 8 (8.2) | 10 (6.6) |
Grassland/pasture | 22 (40.0) | 32 (32.9) | 54 (35.5) | |
Wetland/swamp | 24 (43.6) | 8 (8.2) | 32 (21.1) | |
Cultivated land/cropland | 6 (10.9) | 45 (46.4) | 51 (33.5) | |
Road | 1 (1.8) | 4 (4.1) | 5 (3.3) | |
Distance from nearby house | Less than 100 m | 2 (3.6) | 5 (5.2) | 7 (4.6) |
Between 100 m & 200 m | 3 (5.5) | 15 (15.5) | 18 (11.8) | |
Between 200 m & 500 m | 33 (60.0) | 47 (48.2) | 80 (52.6) | |
No house with in 500 m | 17 (30.9) | 30 (31.1) | 47 (30.9) | |