Table 2 Demographic and social capital related factors associated with hopelessness, loneliness, and depression

Age, years (11–19)

 20–29

2.09***

1.63–2.69

1.90**

1.29–2.80

2.26***

1.62–3.15

1.10

0.86–1.42

1.06

0.72–1.56

1.14

0.81–1.60

1.35*

1.06–1.72

1.55*

1.05–2.27

1.28

0.93–1.77

 30–39

3.24***

2.26–4.65

3.95***

2.27–6.87

2.84***

1.75–4.62

1.25

0.87–1.78

1.16

0.68–1.98

1.39

0.86–2.26

1.87***

1.33–2.65

2.17**

1.28–3.68

1.80*

1.13–2.88

 40–49

2.23***

1.57–3.16

2.73***

1.57–4.75

2.00**

1.26–3.15

0.75

0.53–1.07

0.86

0.50–1.48

0.70

0.44–1.13

0.94

0.67–1.32

1.10

0.65–1.89

0.90

0.58–1.39

 50–59

1.63**

1.14–2.33

2.03*

1.17–3.55

1.39

0.86–2.24

0.78

0.54–1.13

0.79

0.45–1.38

0.83

0.51–1.37

0.75

0.53–1.06

0.99

0.58–1.71

0.63

0.39–1.00

 60–69

0.94

0.64–1.37

1.06

0.59–1.90

0.87

0.52–1.46

0.83

0.56–1.22

0.84

0.47–1.51

0.88

0.52–1.48

0.81

0.56–1.18

1.08

0.61–1.90

0.70

0.43–1.16

 70–79

0.55**

0.37–0.82

0.64

0.36–1.16

0.51*

0.30–0.86

0.59**

0.39–0.87

0.67

0.37–1.21

0.54*

0.31–0.94

0.53***

0.36–0.77

0.62

0.34–1.11

0.50**

0.30–0.84

 80+

0.51**

0.31–0.84

0.44*

0.20–0.99

0.59

0.31–1.16

0.78

0.48–1.27

0.88

0.42–1.84

0.76

0.39–1.49

0.39***

0.24–0.64

0.42*

0.19–0.93

0.40**

0.21–0.76

Sex (male)

 Female

1.15

1.0–1.33

1.06

0.91–1.22

1.38***

1.20–1.58

Currently married (no)

 Yes

1.18

0.94–1.47

1.07

0.74–1.53

1.26

0.94–1.67

0.74**

0.59–0.92

0.63*

0.45–0.90

0.78

0.59–1.05

0.98

0.79–1.21

0.91

0.65–1.29

1.00

0.76–1.32

Annual household income (< CNY 10 000)

 CNY 10 000–20 000

0.74***

0.64–0.85

0.76*

0.61–0.95

0.72**

0.59–0.88

1.07

0.92–1.24

1.20

0.97–1.49

0.98

0.80–1.20

1.09

0.95–1.26

1.09

0.88–1.34

1.09

0.90–1.32

 CNY 20 000–30 000

0.45***

0.37–0.56

0.46***

0.34–0.63

0.45***

0.34–0.60

0.95

0.76–1.18

1.15

0.84–1.58

0.79

0.58–1.08

1.00

0.81–1.23

0.85

0.63–1.16

1.14

0.86–1.51

 CNY 30 000–40 000

0.48***

0.35–0.67

0.50**

0.32–0.80

0.46**

0.29–0.73

1.17

0.84–1.63

1.20

0.75–1.92

1.09

0.68–1.77

1.27

0.93–1.74

1.39

0.89–2.18

1.11

0.71–1.76

 > CNY 40 000

0.35***

0.25–0.48

0.34***

0.21–0.55

0.36***

0.23–0.56

0.70

0.49–1.01

0.72

0.43–1.21

0.72

0.44–1.18

0.99

0.72–1.35

1.05

0.67–1.66

0.96

0.62–1.48

Occupation (White-collar)

 Blue-collar

2.52***

2.05–3.09

2.83***

2.13–3.76

2.28***

1.70–3.07

1.12

0.91–1.38

1.12

0.85–1.49

1.09

0.80–1.49

1.34**

1.11–1.63

1.36*

1.04–1.78

1.31

0.98–1.74

 Student/Unemployed

1.38***

1.17–1.64

1.44**

1.11–1.87

1.38**

1.10–1.74

1.09

0.92–1.30

1.03

0.79–1.34

1.09

0.86–1.39

1.38***

1.17–1.63

1.28

1.00–1.65

1.49***

1.19–1.86

Smoking (no)

 Yes

0.90

0.64–1.26

0.84

0.58–1.22

0.98

0.38–2.53

0.73

0.51–1.04

0.67*

0.45–0.99

0.90

0.34–2.37

0.71*

0.51– 0.99

0.63*

0.43–0.91

1.40

0.56–3.46

Drinking (no)

 Yes

1.18

0.85–1.66

1.29

0.87–1.91

0.90

0.45–1.78

1.45*

1.04–2.02

1.54*

1.05–2.28

1.22

0.62–2.43

1.47*

1.06–2.03

1.40

0.96–2.06

1.58

0.82–3.05

Has NCDs (no)

 Yes

1.07

0.89–1.27

1.04

0.81–1.33

1.09

0.84–1.42

1.33**

1.11–1.59

1.43**

1.11–1.84

1.24

0.95–1.62

1.52***

1.28–1.80

1.53***

1.21–1.95

1.49**

1.16–1.92

Residency (rural)

 Urban

1.57**

1.18–2.08

1.43*

1.05–1.97

2.29*

1.03–5.07

2.15*

1.17–3.96

1.80**

1.16–2.78

1.51

0.94–2.41

6.55*

1.24–34.74

1.16

0.87–1.55

1.39

0.69–2.80

Province (Hunan)

 Hubei

1.66***

1.33–2.08

1.87***

1.34–2.60

1.51**

1.11–2.05

1.75***

1.40–2.20

1.63**

1.17–2.28

1.84***

1.34–2.52

2.55***

2.04–3.17

2.55***

1.85–3.52

2.60***

1.92–3.53

 Shanxi

1.31*

1.05–1.63

1.44*

1.04–2.01

1.22

0.90–1.65

1.35**

1.08–1.70

1.35

0.96–1.88

1.33

0.97–1.83

1.28*

1.03–1.58

1.43*

1.04–1.97

1.17

0.87–1.57

 Chongqing

0.85

0.68–1.06

0.89

0.64–1.23

0.81

0.60–1.10

0.86

0.68–1.10

0.89

0.62–1.26

0.84

0.60–1.17

0.86

0.69–1.08

0.93

0.67–1.29

0.80

0.60–1.08

 Gansu

0.76

0.58–1.00

0.70

0.46–1.07

0.83

0.57–1.20

1.12

0.83–1.50

1.16

0.75–1.79

1.04

0.69–1.56

0.96

0.73–1.27

1.26

0.84–1.90

0.79

0.54–1.15

 Fujian

1.03

0.77–1.39

1.22

0.77–1.92

0.92

0.63–1.35

0.89

0.65–1.23

1.09

0.67–1.76

0.74

0.48–1.15

1.33

–1.77

1.49

0.96–2.33

1.25

0.86–1.81

 Zhejiang

0.93

0.74–1.17

0.84

0.60–1.19

1.03

0.75–1.40

1.28*

–1.62

1.23

0.86–1.77

1.31

0.94–1.82

1.18

0.94–1.48

1.02

0.72–1.44

1.32

0.98–1.79

 Guangdong

1.14

0.91–1.42

1.30

0.93–1.83

1.04

0.76–1.42

1.97***

1.57–2.48

1.99***

1.42–2.79

1.92***

1.40–2.63

1.60***

1.28–1.98

1.65**

1.19–2.28

1.53**

1.14–2.06

Total

4788

2248

2540

4788

2248

2540

4788

2248

2540