Table 2 Main clinical, laboratory and diagnosis data of imported loiasis. Stratification of the data according to risk markers: sex and age
From: Loiasis in sub-Saharan migrants living in Spain with emphasis of cases from Equatorial Guinea
Migrants (N = 131) | Sex | Age, years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Female (n1 = 82) | Male (n2 = 49) | P-value | < 45 (n3 = 77) | ≥ 45 (n4 = 54) | P-value | ||
Clinical data, n (%) | |||||||
12Asymptomatic | 48 (36.6) | 28 (34.1) | 20 (40.8) | 0.443 | 30 (39.0) | 18 (33.3) | 0.511 |
Symptomatic | 83 (63.4) | 54 (65.9) | 29 (59.2) | 47 (61.0) | 36 (66.7) | ||
Calabar swelling | 30 (22.9) | 25 (30.5) | 5 (10.2) | 0.008* | 14 (18.2) | 16 (29.6) | 0.125 |
Eye worm | 19 (14.5) | 17 (20.7) | 2 (4.1) | 0.009* | 11 (14.3) | 8 (14.8) | 0.933 |
Subcutaneous step | 3 (2.3) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (2.0) | 0.883 | 2 (2.6) | 1 (1.9) | 0.779 |
Laboratory data, n (%) | |||||||
Eosinophilia (n = 131) | |||||||
Without eosinophilia | 16 (12.2) | 10 (12.2) | 6 (12.2) | 0.931 | 15 (19.5) | 1 (1.9) | < 0.001* |
Relative eosinophilia | 4 (3.1) | 3 (3.7) | 1 (2.0) | 3 (3.9) | 1 (1.9) | ||
Mild eosinophilia | 33 (25.2) | 20 (24.4) | 13 (26.5) | 26 (33.8) | 7 (13.0) | ||
Moderate eosinophilia | 65 (49.6) | 42 (51.2) | 23 (46.9) | 29 (37.7) | 36 (66.7) | ||
High eosinophilia | 13 (9.9) | 7 (8.5) | 6 (12.2) | 4 (5.2) | 9 (16.7) | ||
Immunoglobulin E (n = 129) | |||||||
Normal | 16 (12.4) | 12 (15.0) | 4 (8.2) | 0.394 | 11 (14.7) | 5 (9.3) | 0.056 |
Mild hyper-IgE | 6 (4.7) | 5 (6.3) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (6.7) | 1 (1.9) | ||
Moderate hyper-IgE | 29 (22.5) | 16 (20.0) | 13 (26.5) | 21 (28.0) | 8 (14.8) | ||
High hyper-IgE | 78 (60.5) | 47 (58.8) | 31 (63.3) | 38 (50.7) | 40 (74.1) | ||
Direct diagnosis, n (%) | |||||||
Only Microfilariae | 95 (72.5) | 53 (64.6) | 42 (85.7) | 0.050 | 59 (76.6) | 36 (66.7) | 0.403 |
Microfilariae + Calabar swellings | 7 (5.3) | 3 (3.7) | 4 (8.2) | 2 (2.6) | 5 (9.3) | ||
Microfilariae + eye | 3 (2.3) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (3.7) | ||
Microfilariae + Calabar swellings + eye | 5 (3.8) | 5 (6.1) | 0 | 4 (5.2) | 1 (1.9) | ||
Microfilariae + eye + subcutaneous lesion | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 0 | ||
Microfilariae + Calabar swellings + eye + subcutaneous lesion | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.9) | ||
Only Calabar swellings | 10 (7.6) | 9 (11.0) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (6.5) | 5 (9.3) | ||
Only eye | 1 (0.8) | 1 (1.2) | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 0 | ||
Calabar swellings + eye | 7 (5.3) | 7 (8.5) | 0 | 3 (3.9) | 4 (7.4) | ||
Eye + subcutaneous lesion | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 1 (2.0) | 1 (1.3) | 0 | ||