Social innovation based on collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations in COVID-19 crisis: evidence from Iran

Table 2 Summary of variables extracted from literature review and research

Variable
Source	Identifying a problem or need	Outbreak idea, method, or answer	Interest, decision, or encouragement to get involved	Shaping collaboration and partnership	Stimulating the process through a social goal	Testing of samples and choosing the right idea	Providing infrastructure	Identifying risk factors	Running on a large scale
Moscibrodzki et al. [35]	✓
Kpokiri et al. [36]				✓			✓
Rollin and Vincent [27]		✓				✓	✓		✓
Mulgan et al. [22]	✓	✓				✓			✓
Murray et al. [20]	✓	✓				✓			✓
Young Social Innovators (2010)			✓	✓
Hubert [26]	✓	✓							✓
Assogba [28]		✓	✓		✓				✓
The Young Foundation [23]		✓				✓			✓
Pitt Catsouphes et al. [30]		✓	✓			✓	✓
Herrera and Alarilla [25]						✓
Norman et al. [21]		✓	✓		✓	✓			✓
Hahn and Andor [29]		✓				✓			✓
Raffeld et al. [3]		✓		✓
Dako-Gyeke et al. [31]		✓	✓	✓
Castro-Arroyave and Duque-Paz [32]				✓			✓	✓

Variable
Source	Deployment and implementation	Institutionalization and Sustainability	Systematic changes	Intersectoral and interdisciplinary exchange	Learning and empowerment	Measuring effectiveness	Culture building	Community mobilization	Digital Social Innovation
Moscibrodzki et al. [35]				✓				✓	✓
Kpokiri et al. [36]				✓	✓
Rollin and Vincent [27]	✓	✓
Mulgan et al. [22]					✓
Murray et al. [20]			✓			✓
Young Social Innovators (2010)			✓	✓
Hubert [26]	✓					✓
Assogba [28]	✓	✓
The Young Foundation [23]	✓
Pitt Catsouphes et al. [30]	✓	✓				✓
Herrera and Alarilla [25]	✓	✓	✓		✓
Norman et al. [21]	✓		✓			✓
Hahn and Andor [29]	✓			✓
Raffeld et al. [3]		✓			✓
Dako-Gyeke et al. [31]	✓	✓			✓	✓
Castro-Arroyave and Duque-Paz [32]				✓	✓		✓

ISSN: 2049-9957