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Table 3 Coding based on Strauss and Corbin approach to the axial phenomenon (axial category)

From: Social innovation based on collaboration between government and non-governmental organizations in COVID-19 crisis: evidence from Iran

Macro category

Axis code

Open codes

Sample interview code

Social innovation based on the collaboration between government and NGOs in a crisis

The effectiveness of NGOs collaboration in the implementation of the social innovation plan

The executive capacity of NGOs, motivation, and commitment of NGOs, education, and experience of NGOs’ members, ability to communicate effectively by NGOs, number of NGOs, having a spirit of sacrifice and self-dedication of NGOs’ members, developing and promoting a culture of participation in society

P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15

  1. NGO: Non-governmental organizations