Table 4 Participant experiences of COVID-19 vaccination
Variable | Refugee (%) (n = 501) | Citizen (%) (n = 491) | Chi–square (DF) | P–value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
The belief that COVID–19 vaccines are safe in the long–term | ||||
 No | 217 (55.6) | 173 (44.4) | 7.06 (1) | 0.008* |
 Yes | 282 (47.0) | 318 (53.0) | ||
The belief that COVID–19 vaccines are effective and help in combating the pandemic | ||||
 No | 227 (57.6) | 167 (42.4) | 13.61 (1) | < 0.001* |
 Yes | 272 (45.6) | 324 (54.4) | ||
Faced difficulties or restrictions upon the registration to receive a COVID–19 vaccine | ||||
 No | 409 (47.2) | 458 (52.8) | 29.12 (1) | < 0.001* |
 Yes | 90 (73.2) | 33 (26.8) | ||
COVID–19 vaccine hesitancy | ||||
 No | 249 (56.0) | 196 (44.0) | 9.96 (1) | 0.002* |
 Yes | 250 (45.9) | 295 (54.1) | ||
Refused to receive a vaccine in the past | ||||
 No | 379 (47.7) | 416 (52.3) | 12.04 (1) | 0.001* |
 Yes | 120 (61.5) | 75 (38.5) | ||
Received a COVID–19 vaccine | ||||
 No | 171 (77.4) | 50 (22.6) | 82.79 (1) | < 0.001* |
 Yes | 328 (42.7) | 441 (57.3) | ||
If not, why? | ||||
 The belief that wearing a mask, practicing social distancing and safety measures, health standards and regulations should be enough to prevent/control COVID–19 | 330 (42.8) | 441 (57.2) | 105.33 (7) | < 0.001* |
 Lack of information about COVID–19 vaccines and the registration for vaccination | 16 (64.0) | 9 (36.0) | ||
 Just not interested without reasons | 3 (100.0) | 0 | ||
 Mistrust in the companies developing COVID–19 vaccines, the government, or/and healthcare providers | 18 (85.7) | 3 (14.3) | ||
 Because already experienced a COVID–19 infection | 41 (71.9) | 16 (28.1) | ||
 Scared of vaccine side–effects | 23 (74.2) | 8 (25.8) | ||
 Other | 2 (20.0) | 8 (80.0) | ||
Type of COVID–19 vaccine | ||||
 AstraZeneca | 10 (30.3) | 23 (69.7) | 5.58 (3) | 0.134 |
 Pfizer–BioNTech | 175 (40.6) | 256 (59.4) | ||
 Sinopharm | 142 (47.3) | 158 (52.7) | ||
 Other (Sinovac and Sputnik V) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | ||
Number of doses | ||||
 One | 41 (73.2) | 15 (26.8) | 23.06 (1) | < 0.001* |
 Two | 287 (40.3) | 426 (59.7) | ||
COVID–19 vaccination center | ||||
 Government hospital | 65 (38.2) | 105 (61.8) | 28.67 (3) | < 0.001* |
 Government primary health care | 220 (45.1) | 268 (54.9) | ||
 Non–governmental organization | 19 (86.4) | 3 (13.6) | ||
 Others | 24 (27.0) | 65 (73.0) | ||
Experienced any adverse effects following COVID–19 vaccination | ||||
 No | 198 (47.9) | 215 (52.1) | 9.60 (1) | 0.002* |
 Yes | 132 (36.9) | 226 (63.1) | ||
Advised other people to get vaccinated for COVID–19 | ||||
 No | 177 (58.4) | 126 (41.6) | 10.92 (1) | 0.001* |
 Yes | 324 (47.0) | 365 (53.0) | ||
The main source of information about the COVID–19 vaccines | ||||
 Friends and relatives | 80 (73.4) | 29 (26.6) | 199.25 (4) | < 0.001* |
 Government owned media | 172 (74.5) | 59 (25.5) | ||
 Scientific and medical websites | 83 (24.5) | 256 (75.5) | ||
 Social media platforms | 92 (71.9) | 36 (28.1) | ||
 Have no information | 74 (40.0) | 111 (60.0) | ||
Believing that COVID–19 vaccines could affect reproduction | ||||
 No | 210 (50.0) | 210 (50.0) | 2.88 (1) | 0.237 |
 Yes | 74 (57.4) | 55 (42.6) | ||