Table 1 Frequency of clinical presentations in study participants and HAT patients, and association to HAT positivity
Variable | All participants n = 2353 | HAT n = 48 | Univariable analysis | Multivariable mixed logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency (number) | Frequency (number) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | |
Male | 43.9% (1033) | 60.4% (29) | 0.02 | 2.0 (1.1–3.5) | 0.016 | 3.1 (1.2–7.6) |
Age | NA | NA | 0.02 | 0.98 (0.96–1.00) | ||
Recurrent fever not responding to anti-malarial medication | 96.0% (2258) | 89.6% (43) | 0.03 | 0.4 (0.1–0.9) | ||
Headache for a long duration | 80.3% (1889) | 91.7% (44) | 0.06 | 2.7 (0.07–7.7) | ||
Weakness | 21.1% (496) | 54.2% (26) | < 0.001 | 4.6 (2.6–8.2) | ||
Important weight loss | 13.7% (323) | 81.3% (39) | < 0.001 | 34.3 (16.3–72.6) | < 0.001 | 20.4 (7.1–58.9) |
Sleep disruption | 9.7% (229) | 29.2% (14) | < 0.001 | 4.0 (2.1–7.6) | ||
Enlarged lymph nodes in the neck | 8.1% (190) | 77.1% (37) | < 0.001 | 47.8 (23.9–95.6) | < 0.001 | 96.7 (20.7–452.0) |
Severe itching | 6.4% (150) | 50.0% (24) | < 0.001 | 18.1 (9.8–33.3) | < 0.001 | 45.9 (7.3–288.7) |
Amenorrhea, abortion, or sterility* | 6.1% (81/1320) | 57.9% (11/19) | < 0.001 | 24.0 (9.4–61.7) | ||
Motor disorders | 4.1% (97) | 52.1% (25) | < 0.001 | 36.2 (19.2–68.2) | 0.07 | 4.5 (0. 9–22.5) |
Psychiatric problems | 1.9% (45) | 22.9% (11) | < 0.001 | 20.3 (9.5–43.4) | ||
Speech disorders | 1.2% (27) | 0.0% (0) | 0.98 | |||
Convulsions | 0.8% (18) | 10.4% (5) | < 0.001 | 20.7 (7.0–61.0) | ||
Coma | 0.2% (4) | 2.1% (1) | 0.02 | 15.7 (1.59–155.9) | ||