Table 1 Indications of ecosystem disservices of the water bodies surrounding BN and BT villages

Type of cercariae and their infection rate in snails (%)

    Opisthorchis viverrini

0.0

0.0

    Echinostome cercaria

0.1

0.1

    Furcocercous cercaria

0.1

0.0

    Monostome cercaria

0.2

0.0

    Mutabile cercariae

0.1

0.0

    Ophthalmoxiphidiocercariae

0.1

0.0

    Pleurolophocercous cercaria

0.0

0.1

    Xiphidiocercaria

3.5

1.4

Sample plots with fecal contamination (%)

71.0

51.6

Fecal contamination in water (CFUs/100 ml)

    Mean

339

125

    Range

0–5300

0–1080

Open defection by villagers (%)

15.6

16.1