Table 2 Result of quality assessment of included studies
Criteria of QHES | Whittington (2022) | Rafia (2022) | Kelton (2022) | Dijk (2022) | Jo (2021) | Jiang (2021) | Okuz (2021) | Ohsfeldt (2021) | Congly (2021) | Carta (2021) | Wu (2021) | Whittington (2020) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 7 |
Perspective | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Estimation of variables | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Subgroup analysis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
uncertainty | 4.5 | 9 | 9 | 4.5 | 9 | 9 | 4.5 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 4.5 | 9 |
Incremental analysis | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
study method | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
time horizon | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 6 |
costing | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 8 |
Primary short-term and long-term outcomes | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
Reliable and valid result | 6 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
Model, method, analysis | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
Assumptions and limitations | 4 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
biases | 2 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 |
Conclusion | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 |
source of financing | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Total score | 74.5 | 96 | 91 | 86.5 | 87 | 91 | 77.5 | 91 | 89 | 91 | 82.5 | 95 |