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Fig. 1 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty

Fig. 1

From: Zoonotic sources and the spread of antimicrobial resistance from the perspective of low and middle-income countries

Fig. 1

The ‘Gordian Knot of antimicrobial resistance’ in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) describing factors that contribute to the transmission of antimicrobial resistance at the human-animal interface. Reservoirs and sources of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are in the environment, in animals and humans, which is considered in the One Health concept. This review focuses on zoonotic reservoirs and sources in LMIC. Additional drivers of AMR in LMIC are related to human health (travel [157], mass drug treatment, e.g. for trachoma [158], misuse of antimicrobials [7], counterfeit drugs [159], hospital transmission, absence of microbiological laboratories) and the environment (sewage water [160])

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty

ISSN: 2049-9957

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