Table 1 Contamination of livestock meat with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli

Africa

bla_CTX-M-14, bla_CTX-M-15

2013

Egypt

Poultry (112)

8.9% (10/112)

[27]

Not done

2016

Ethiopia

Beef (88)

6% (5/88)

[126]

Not done

2020

Ethiopia

Beef (556)

2.3% (13/556)

[30]

bla_CTX-M-1, bla_CTX-M-14

2011–2012

Gabon

Poultry (60)

23% (14/60)

[29]

bla_CTX-M-15

2013

Ghana

Poultry (188)

10.6% (20/188)

[34]

bla_CTX-M-1, bla_CTX-M-14, bla_CTX-M-15

2015

Ghana

Poultry (200)

23% (46/200)

[33]

bla_TEM

2019

Ghana

Goat (108), beef (81), sheep (16)

2% (4/205)

[127]

bla_CTX-M-164

2015

Mozambique

Poultry (99)

17% (17/99)

[35]

Not applicable

2009–2014

Nigeria

Poultry (unknown)

0% (0/unknown)

[128]

bla_CTX-M-1, bla_CTX-M-8, bla_CTX-M-14, bla_TEM-1b, bla_SHV-5

2006

Tunisia

Beef (23), poultry (10), sheep (1), fish (4)

29% (11/38)

[32]

Not applicable

2004–2005

Tunisia

Sheep (8), poultry (7), beef (4), fish (3), pork (1)

0% (0/23)^a

[129]

bla_CTX-M-1, bla_TEM-1b, bla_TEM-20

2007

Tunisia

Sheep (28), poultry (26), beef (14), fish (10), horse (1)

13% (10/79)

[31]

Not applicable

Before 2009

Tunisia

Poultry (55)

0% (0/55)^a

[130]

bla_CTX-M

Before 2016

Zambia

Poultry (384)

20.1% (77/384)

[28]

South-East Asia

bla_CTX-M

2016

Cambodia

Pork (60)

75% (45/60)

[43]

bla_CTX-M

2016

Cambodia

Poultry (30)

53% (16/30)

[43]

bla_CTX-M-15

2014–2015

Cambodia

Pork (110)

0% (0/110)

[45]

bla_CTX-M-15

2014–2015

Cambodia

Poultry (87)

0% (0/87)

[45]

bla_CTX-M-15

2014–2015

Thailand

Pork (175)

4% (7/175)

[45]

bla_CTX-M-15

2014–2015

Thailand

Poultry (189)

0% (0/189)

[45]

bla_TEM, bla_SHV, bla_CTX-M

2012–2013

Malaysia

Poultry (160)

54% (86/160)

[131]

bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, bla_SHV

Before 2022

Pakistan

Poultry and livestock (250)

30% (75/250)

[132]

bla_TEM

Before 2022

Thailand

Minced meat (150)

52% (78/150)

[133]

bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, bla_SHV

2012–2014

Vietnam

Poultry (82)

93% (76/82)

[44]

bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, bla_SHV

2012–2014

Vietnam

Pork (92)

35% (32/92)

[44]

bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, bla_SHV

2012–2014

Vietnam

Beef (74)

34% (18/74)

[44]

bla_CTX-M-1, bla_CTX-M-9, bla_TEM,

2015–2017

Vietnam

Poultry (116)

66% 77/116

[47]

bla_CTX-M-1, bla_CTX-M-9, bla_TEM,

2015–2017

Vietnam

Pork (112)

55% (62/112)

[47]

bla_CTX-M, bla_TEM, bla_SHV

Before 2022

Vietnam

Poultry (60)

90% (54/60)

[46]

Latin America

bla_CTX-M-2, bla_CTX-M-15

2014

Brazil

Poultry (100)

6% (6/100)

[56]

bla_CTX-M-2, bla_CTX-M-55

2019

Brazil

Poultry (50)

42% (21/50)^a

[58]

bla_CTX-M-2, bla_CTX-M-55

2019

Brazil

Pork (50)

12% (6/50)

[58]

bla_CTX-M-2, bla_CTX-M-8, bla_CTX-M-14, bla_CTX-M-55

2018–2019

Brazil

Lamb (25)

56% (14/25)

[134]

bla_CTX-M-3, bla_CTX-M-55

2017–2018

Ecuador

Poultry (335)

72.8% (244/335)^a

[57]