Table 2 Contamination of bushmeat or wildlife with antimicrobial resistant bacteria
Bacterial species | Wildlife | Resistance genes | Year | Country | Samples (n) | Prevalence [% (n/N)] | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESBL-Escherichia coli | Bats | blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-11 | 2017 | Gabon | Faeces (68) | 9% (6/68) | [135] |
|  | Bats | blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-55 | 2015–2018 | Peru | Rectal swabs (388) | 5.2% (20/388) | [89] |
| Â | Bats | blaCTX-M-15 | Before 2021 | Nigeria | Viscera (180) | 1% (2/180) | [136] |
|  | Bears | blaCTX-M | 2015–2016 | India | Faeces (21) | 76% (16/21) | [137] |
| Â | Chimpanzees | blaCTX-M-15 | 2018 | Uganda | Faeces (86) | 11% (9/86) | [138] |
|  | Chimpanzees | Not applicable | 2012 | Côte d’Ivoire | Faeces (43) | 0% (0/43) | [139] |
| Â | Condor | blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-55 | 2019 | Chile | Faecal swabs (27) | 63% (17/27) | [140] |
| Â | Gorillas | Not applicable | 2011 | Central African Republic | Faeces (65) | 0% (0/65) | [141] |
| Â | Gull | blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15 | 2010 | Bangladesh | Faeces (150) | 19.3% (29/150) | [142] |
|  | Macaques | Not applicable | 2014–2015 | Algeria | Faeces (126) | 0% (0/126) | [143] |
| Â | Owl | blaCTX-M-8 | 2018 | Chile | Cloacal swabs (5) | 60% (3/5) | [144] |
|  | Rats | Not applicable | 2018–2019 | Iran | Faeces (100) | 0%a (0/100) | [145] |
| Â | Rats, shrews | Not done | 2013 | Vietnam | Faeces (234) | 0.4% (1/234) | [86] |
| Â | Seabirds | blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-55 | Before 2022 | Brazil | Cloacal swabs (204) | 2.5% (5/204) | [91] |
| Â | Seabirds | blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-22 | 2011 | Chile | Faecal swabs (124) | 54% (67/124) | [95] |
|  | Wildlife | Not done | 2018–2019 | Sri Lanka | Faeces (47) | 4% (2/47) | [146] |
|  | Wild birds | blaCTX-M | 2010–2013 | Brazil | Faeces (112) | 12.5% (14/112) | [92] |
| Â | Wild birds | blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-32 | 2012 | Nicaragua | Faeces (100) | 10% (10/100) | [97] |
| Â | Wild birds | blaCTX-M-9 | 2010 | Mongolia | Cloacal swabs (91) | 6% (5/91) | [147] |
| Â | Wild birds | blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-24 | 2015 | Mongolia | Cloacal swabs (63) | 14% (9/63) | [96] |
|  | Wild boars | blaCTX-M-15 | 2014–2015 | Algeria | Faeces (90) | 33% (30/90) | [143] |
Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | Chimpanzees | Not applicable | 2008 | Côte d’Ivoire | Fruit wadges (21) | 0% (0/21) | [148] |
| Â | Lemurs | Not applicable | 2012 | Madagascar | mucous membrane (25) | 0% (0/25) | [148] |
| Â | Macaques | mecA | 2017 | Nepal | Saliva (59) | 7% (4/59) | [99] |
|  | Marsupials | Not applicable | 2018–2019 | Brazil | Faeces (23) | 0% (0/23) | [149] |
| Â | Monkeys | Not applicable | Before 2011 | Gabon | Nose (16) | 0% (0/16) | [150] |
|  | Rodents | Not applicable | 2018–2019 | Brazil | Faeces (136) | 0% (0/136) | [149] |
| Â | Seabirds | mecA | Before 2021 | Brazil | Cloacal and tracheal swabs (18) | 6% (1/18) | [105] |