Table 3 Factors associated with hospital admission or referral to a higher level of care in suspected dengue patients
Characteristic | Hospitalized | cOR (95% CI) | P-value | aOR (95% CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes n = 112 (%) | No n = 66 (%) | |||||
Female | 65 (58) | 34 (51.5) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 0.39 | ||
Age in years | ||||||
2–18 | 67 (59.8) | 36 (54.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
19–29 | 24 (21.4) | 13 (19.7) | 1 (0.4–2.1) | 0.98 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 0.04 |
30–59 | 16 (14.3) | 12 (18.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.44 | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | 0.19 |
60 or more | 5 (4.5) | 5 (7.6) | 0.5 (0.1–1.9) | 0.35 | 0.02 (0.002–0.2) | 0.001 |
Dengue without warning signs | 50 (44.6) | 30 (45.5) | 1 | |||
Dengue with warning signs | 62 (55.4) | 36 (54.5) | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 0.91 | ||
Days of fever onset | ||||||
0–3 | 13 (11.6) | 11 (16.6) | 1 | |||
4–6 | 62 (55.4) | 28 (42.4) | 1.8 (0.7–4.7) | 0.18 | ||
7–10 | 37 (33) | 27 (41) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 0.76 | ||
Pulse pressure mmHg | 40 (25–80)a | 35 (20–55)a | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.02 | 1.1 (1.07–1.2) | < 0.0001 |
Any evidence of plasma leakage by POCUS | 98/104 (94.2) | 39/57 (68.4) | 7.5 (2.7–20.4) | < 0.0001 | 8.2 (2.2–29.9) | 0.001 |
Number of POCUS anatomical sites positive for plasma leakage | 2 (0–7) | 1 (0–6) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.002 | ||
Hepatorenal ascites | 29/32 (90.6) | 5/7 (71.4) | 3.8 (0.5–29.3) | 0.2 | ||
Splenorenal ascites | 10/18 (55.5) | 6/7 (85.7) | 0.2 (0–2.1) | 0.1 | ||
Pelvic ascites | 24/98 (24.5) | 8/49 (16.3) | 1.6 (0.6–4.0) | 0.2 | ||
Gallbladder wall thickening > 3 mm | 5/53 (9.4) | 3/23 (13) | 0.7 (0.1–3.1) | 0.6 | ||
Pericholecystic fluid | 5/78 (6.4) | 2/43 (4.6) | 1.4 (0.2–7.5) | 0.7 | ||
Gallbladder with "honeycomb" pattern | 7/78 (9.0) | 3/43 (7.0) | 1.3 (0.3–5.3) | 0.7 | ||
Right sided pleural effusion | 2/27 (7.4) | 2/18 (11.1) | 0.6 (0.1–5.0) | 0.6 | ||
Pericardial effusion | 2/30 (6.7) | 1/18 (5.5) | 1.2 (0.1–14.4) | 0.8 | ||
Left sided pleural effusion | 1/16 (6.2) | 0/7 | – | |||
B lines > 3 | 2/69 (3.0) | 1/27 (3.7) | 0.5 (0.1–3.9) | 0.5 | ||
Dengue IgM/IgG | ||||||
Both negative | 10/56 (17.9) | 9/40 (22.5) | 1 | |||
Both positive | 32/56 (57.1) | 16/40 (40) | 1.8 (0.6–5.3) | 0.28 | ||
Positive/negative | 4/56 (7.1) | 8/40 (20) | 0.4 (0.1–2.0) | 0.29 | ||
Negative/positive | 10/56 (17.9) | 7/40 (17.5) | 1.2 (0.3–4.8) | 0.70 | ||
Maximum hematocrit (%) Me (range) | 42.7 (27.8–54.7) | 42.7 (27.3–52.7) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.58 | ||
Hemoconcentration (%) Me (range) | 10.8 (0–59.2) | 8.3 (0–24.1) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 0.01 | ||
Leukopenia (< 4000 cells × 103/µl) | 57 (51) | 35 (53) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.78 | ||
Lymphopenia (< 1000 cells × 103/µl) | 21 (18.7) | 9 (13.6) | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.38 | ||
Monocytosis (> 1200 cell × 103/µl) | 17 (15.2) | 7 (10.6) | 1.5 (0.6–3.8) | 0.39 | ||
Thrombocytopenia (< 100,000 cells/mm3) | 97 (86.6) | 34 (51.5) | 6.1 (3.0–12.6) | < 0.001 | 6.3 (2.4–16.0) | < 0.0001 |