Combatting anthrax outbreaks across Nigeria’s national land borders: need to optimize surveillance with epidemiological surveys

Table 1 Overview of anthrax outbreaks in 2023 across administrative areas of Nigeria

Date of outbreak	Administrative area	Location	Coordinates	Epidemiological Unit	Species	New livestock	Number (%)
Date of outbreak	Administrative area	Location	Coordinates	Epidemiological Unit	Species	New livestock	Susceptible	Cases^a	Deaths^b
27 June 2023	Niger	Gajiri, Suleja	9.244089 N, 7.207087 E	Farm	Sheep	No	73	15 (20.5)	10 (66.7)
					Sheep	Yes	0	0 (0)	0 (0)
					Cattle	No	100	20 (20.0)	13 (65.0)
					Cattle	Yes	0	0 (0)	0 (0)
16 July 2023	Lagos	Marina	6.44475 N, 3.39951 E	Backyard	Camel	No	0	0 (0)	0 (0)
					Camel	Yes	1	1 (100)	0 (0)
					Goat	No	0	0 (0)	0 (0)
					Goat	Yes	4	0 (0)	0 (0)
					Cattle	No	0	0 (0)	0 (0)
					Cattle	Yes	10	0 (0)	0 (0)
					Sheep	No	0	0 (0)	0 (0)
					Sheep	Yes	14	9 (64.3)	9 (100)
18 July 2023	Lagos	Oko-Oba	6.64978 N, 3.32068 E	Slaughterhouse	Cattle	No	0	0 (0)	0 (0)
18 July 2023	Lagos	Oko-Oba	6.64978 N, 3.32068 E	Slaughterhouse	Cattle	Yes	999	3 (0.3)	0 (0)

^aNumber (proportion) of domestic animals that tested positive for Bacillus anthracis; ^bNumber (proportion) of domestic animals that tested positive for B. anthracis and are dead. Data provided by the World Organisation for Animal Health [taken from reference [22] and online updates]

ISSN: 2049-9957