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Table 4 Risk Factors for tungiasis in the whole pupil population (n = 21,246)

From: National prevalence and risk factors for tungiasis in Kenya

    

Univariable

Multivariable final model

Infection status

 

n

Actual infection rate, %

OR

95% CI

P

aOR

95% CI

P

Survey round

1

10,725

1.35

1

       
 

2

10,296

0.86

0.67

0.36

1.27

0.222

    

County1

Muranga

2460

2.03

1

   

1

   
 

Turkana

2401

0.46

0.17

0.05

0.58

0.005

0.20

0.06

0.67

0.009

 

Samburu

2349

1.32

0.38

0.12

1.19

0.096

0.34

0.11

1.04

0.059

 

Kericho

2410

0.58

0.24

0.07

0.77

0.016

0.25

0.08

0.80

0.02

 

Nakuru

2441

1.64

0.43

0.14

1.33

0.143

0.41

0.13

1.23

0.111

 

Kajiado

2368

1.82

0.41

0.13

1.26

0.12

0.40

0.13

1.19

0.1

 

Makueni

2439

0.53

0.20

0.06

0.68

0.009

0.19

0.06

0.60

0.005

 

Taita Taveta

2412

0.12

0.04

0.01

0.22

 < 0.001

0.05

0.01

0.26

 < 0.001

 

Kilifi

1967

1.58

0.57

0.18

1.79

0.337

0.66

0.22

1.99

0.463

Location type

Urban

3554

0.73

1

       
 

Rural

17,692

1.19

1.15

0.49

2.70

0.743

    

School type

Private

1854

0.16

1

   

1

   
 

Public

19,392

1.20

6.51

1.31

32.21

0.022

5.62

1.20

26.22

0.028

Age

   

0.81

0.75

0.87

 < 0.001

0.81

0.75

0.88

 < 0.001

Sex

Girls

10,765

0.73

1.00

   

1

   
 

Boys

10,480

1.50

2.14

1.62

2.83

 < 0.001

2.01

1.52

2.67

 < 0.001

Disability

No

21,140

1.10

1.00

       
 

Yes

97

3.09

2.86

0.82

9.95

0.098

    

Other skin disease

No

20,306

0.93

1.00

   

1

   
 

Yes

928

5.06

4.26

2.84

6.39

 < 0.001

3.60

2.38

5.45

 < 0.001

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, aOR adjusted odds ratio.1wald test for county P = 0.006