Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) continue to represent a global threat, with “old” diseases like malaria, and “emergent” or “re-emergent” ones like Zika, because of an increase in international trade, demographic ...
The emergence and re-emergence of vector-borne and other infectious diseases of poverty pose a threat to the health of populations living in urban and low-income settings. A detailed understanding of intervent...
Authors: Laurence Campeau, Stéphanie Degroote, Valery Ridde, Mabel Carabali and Kate Zinszer
More than half of the world’s population currently lives in urban settlements that grow both in size and number. By 2050, approximately 70% of the global population will be living in urban conglomerations, mai...
Authors: Mariam Otmani del Barrio, Frédéric Simard and Andrea Caprara
Transmission dynamics, vectorial capacity, and co-infections have substantial impacts on vector-borne diseases (VBDs) affecting urban and suburban populations. Reviewing key factors can provide insight into pr...
Authors: Marcus Eder, Fanny Cortes, Noêmia Teixeira de Siqueira Filha, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, Stéphanie Degroote, Cynthia Braga, Valéry Ridde and Celina Maria Turchi Martelli
In 2015, following a call for proposals from the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), six scoping reviews on the prevention and control of vector-borne diseases in urban area...
Authors: Christian Dagenais, Stéphanie Degroote, Mariam Otmani Del Barrio, Clara Bermudez-Tamayo and Valéry Ridde
The control of vector-borne diseases (VBD) is one of the greatest challenges on the global health agenda. Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization has heightened the interest in addressing these challenges through ...
Authors: Jorge Marcos-Marcos, Antonio Olry de Labry-Lima, Silvia Toro-Cardenas, Marina Lacasaña, Stéphanie Degroote, Valéry Ridde and Clara Bermudez-Tamayo
The recent development of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) enables elimination programmes to decentralise serological screening services to frontline health facilities. How...
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB,both smear positive and smear negative) is an airborne infectious disease of major public health concern in China and other parts of the world where PTB endemicity is reported. This...
Authors: Li Huang, Eniola Michael Abe, Xin-Xu Li, Robert Bergquist, Lin Xu, Jing-Bo Xue, Yao Ruan, Chun-Li Cao and Shi-Zhu Li
Poverty increases the risk of contracting infectious diseases and therefore exposure to antibiotics. Yet there is lacking evidence on the relationship between income and non-income dimensions of poverty and an...
Authors: Vivian Alividza, Victor Mariano, Raheelah Ahmad, Esmita Charani, Timothy M. Rawson, Alison H. Holmes and Enrique Castro-Sánchez
Health care workers are at the frontline in the fight against infectious disease, and as a result are at a high risk of infection. During the 2014–2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, many health care workers c...
Rabies, for which the mortality rate is almost 100%, is a zoonotic viral disease that can be transmitted via solid organs or tissue allotransplantation. Dozens of deaths from rabies via solid organs or tissues...
Aedes albopictus is among the 100 most invasive species worldwide and poses a major risk to public health. Photoperiodic diapause provides a crucial ecological basis for the adaptation of this species to adverse ...
Adverse effects of antileishmanial drugs can affect patients’ quality of life and adherence to therapy for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). In Bangladesh, there are 2...
Climate-based disease forecasting has been proposed as a potential tool in climate change adaptation for the health sector. Here we explore the relevance of climate data, drivers and predictions for vector-bor...
Authors: Madeleine C. Thomson, Ángel G. Muñoz, Remi Cousin and Joy Shumake-Guillemot
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are highly endemic in Xiji County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR) in China where the control campaign based on dog de-worming with praziquant...
Authors: Cong-Nuan Liu, Yang-Yang Xu, Angela M. Cadavid-Restrepo, Zhong-Zi Lou, Hong-Bin Yan, Li Li, Bao-Quan Fu, Darren J. Gray, Archie A. Clements, Tamsin S. Barnes, Gail M. Williams, Wan-Zhong Jia, Donald P. McManus and Yu-Rong Yang
Epidermal parasitic skin diseases (EPSD) occur in most countries and cause a considerable health and economic burden, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. The aim of this study was to assess and analyse...
The high prevalence of parasitic diseases leads to millions of deaths and disabilities each year in developing countries. China has also been greatly affected by parasitic infections, including filariasis, lei...
Authors: Lan-Gui Song, Xing-Da Zeng, Yan-Xia Li, Bei-Bei Zhang, Xiao-Ying Wu, Dong-Juan Yuan, Ai He and Zhong-Dao Wu
A high prevalence of epilepsy has been observed in many onchocerciasis endemic regions. This study is to estimate the prevalence of active epilepsy and exposure to Onchocerca volvulus infection in a rural populat...
Authors: Evy Lenaerts, Michel Mandro, Deby Mukendi, Patrick Suykerbuyk, Housseini Dolo, Deogratias Wonya’Rossi, Françoise Ngave, Chellafe Ensoy-Musoro, Anne Laudisoit, An Hotterbeekx and Robert Colebunders
With increases in global travel and trade, the spread of arboviruses is undoubtedly alarming. Pathogen detection in field-caught mosquitoes can provide the earliest possible warning of transmission. Insect-spe...
Authors: Yuan Fang, Yi Zhang, Zheng-Bin Zhou, Wen-Qi Shi, Shang Xia, Yuan-Yuan Li, Jia-Tong Wu, Qin Liu and Guang-Yi Lin
As part of an ongoing program that aims to use early detection and timely treatment to improve the control of echinococcosis, especially in younger age groups, we undertook a series of active surveys among Qin...
Authors: Xiu-Min Han, Qi-Gang Cai, Wei Wang, Hu Wang, Qiang Zhang and Yong-Shun Wang
Among parasitic infections, schistosomiasis ranks second after malaria in terms of worldwide morbidity. Despite efforts to contain transmission, more than 230 million people are infected, of which 85% live in ...
Soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections still remain a notable health problem in resource-limited countries due to difficulties in the implementation of control measures. In Nigeria for instance, despite se...
Malnutrition and malaria are both significant causes of morbidity and mortality in African children. However, the extent of their spatial comorbidity remains unexplored and an understanding of their spatial co...
Authors: Damaris K. Kinyoki, Grainne M. Moloney, Olalekan A. Uthman, Elijah O. Odundo, Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala, Abdisalan M. Noor, Robert W. Snow and James A. Berkley
Schistosomiasis is a serious public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Praziquantel is the only drug recommended by the World Health Organization to treat both urogenital and intestinal schistosomiasis. The ...
Authors: Muhubiri Kabuyaya, Moses John Chimbari and Samson Mukaratirwa
Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are endemic diseases in Burundi. STH control is integrated into health facilities (HF) across the country, but schistosomiasis control is not. The prese...
Authors: Paul Bizimana, Katja Polman, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden, Frédéric Nsabiyumva, Céline Ngenzebuhoro, Elvis Muhimpundu and Giuseppina Ortu
Onchocerciasis is found predominantly in Africa where large scale vector control started in 1974. Registration and donation of ivermectin by Merck & Co in 1987 enabled mass treatment with ivermectin in all end...
Authors: Yankum Dadzie, Uche V. Amazigo, Boakye A. Boatin and Azodoga Sékétéli
The prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica has decreased significantly, and the responses changing from control to elimination in Jiangsu Province, P.R. China. How to estimate the change in prevalence of schis...
Authors: Xin-Yao Wang, Jing Xu, Song Zhao, Wei Li, Jian-Feng Zhang, Jian He, Ashley M. Swing and Kun Yang
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with a multitude of underlying causes, which may include infection with Onchocerca volvulus, the parasitic worm that causes human onchocerciasis. A survey carried out in 1989 r...
Authors: Bruno P. Mmbando, Patrick Suykerbuyk, Mohamed Mnacho, Advocatus Kakorozya, William Matuja, Adam Hendy, Helena Greter, Williams H. Makunde and Robert Colebunders
Human infection of avian influenza virus (AIV) remains a great concern. Although live poultry markets are believed to be associated with human infections, ever more infections have been reported in rural areas...
Authors: Xiao-Xiao Wang, Wei Cheng, Zhao Yu, She-Lan Liu, Hai-Yan Mao and En-Fu Chen
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are closely related to poverty and affect over a billion people in developing countries. The unmet treatment needs cause high mortality and disability thereby imposing a huge...
Authors: Hong-Bo Weng, Hai-Xia Chen and Ming-Wei Wang
Type 1 leprosy reaction, also known as “reversal reaction”, is related to cellular immune responses to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. The risk factors that trigger type 1 leprosy reactions are poorly understood. ...
Authors: Chao Shi, Zhi-Chun Jing, De-Gang Yang and Jian-Yu Zhu
Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. If unrecognised and untreated, the chronic infection can lead to irreversible complications.
Authors: Valentina Marchese, Anna Beltrame, Andrea Angheben, Geraldo Badona Monteiro, Giovanni Giorli, Francesca Perandin, Dora Buonfrate and Zeno Bisoffi
Ranked among the world’s dirtiest countries, Ghana has poor environmental sanitation and hygiene, and a lack of potable water, all of which combined have been largely blamed as the underscoring reasons for cho...
Authors: Nana Mireku-Gyimah, Paschal Awingura Apanga and John Koku Awoonor-Williams
Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and sporadic human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Mediterranean region. The genetic variation of the Leishmania parasites may r...
Authors: Adil El Hamouchi, Sofia El Kacem, Rajaa Ejghal and Meryem Lemrani
Dogs play a pivotal role in the transmission of cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonosis caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. We showed previously that dogs vaccinated with two E. granulosus adult-worm s...
Authors: Zhuang-Zhi Zhang, Gang Guo, Jun Li, Bao-Xin Shi, Li Zhao, Bao-Ping Guo, Xu Zhang, Jun-Wei Wang, Xue-Ting Zheng, Wen-Jing Qi, Li He and Wen-Bao Zhang
Toxocariasis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis that afflicts millions of the pediatric and adolescent populations worldwide, especially in impoverished communities. This disease is caused by infection with the...
Authors: Jia Chen, Quan Liu, Guo-Hua Liu, Wen-Bin Zheng, Sung-Jong Hong, Hiromu Sugiyama, Xing-Quan Zhu and Hany M. Elsheikha
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become useful tools to extend human abilities and capacities. Currently UAVs are being used for the surveillance of environmental factors related to the transmission of inf...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in Morocco. This study aims at examining trends in TB in Morocco and identifying TB spatial clusters and TB-associated predictors.
Fever remains a major public health problem. In Burkina Faso, more than half of febrile children are considered not to be infected by malaria. This study prospectively assessed probable (treatable) causes of f...
Authors: Francois Kiemde, Marc Christian Tahita, Palpouguini Lompo, Toussaint Rouamba, Athanase M. Some, Halidou Tinto, Petra F. Mens, Henk D. F. H. Schallig and Michael Boele van Hensbroek
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is endemic in Myanmar and targeted for elimination. To highlight the National Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (NPELF) progress between 2000 and 2014, this paper describes ...
Authors: Ni Ni Aye, Zaw Lin, Khin Nan Lon, Nay Yi Yi Linn, Thet Wai Nwe, Khin Mon Mon, Kapa Ramaiah, Hannah Betts and Louise A. Kelly-Hope
The livestock industry plays a vital role in the economy of Nigeria. It serves as a major source of income and livelihood for majority of Nigerians who are rural settlers and contributes about 5.2% to the Nati...
Authors: Solomon Ngutor Karshima, Beatty-Viv Maikai and Jacob Kwada Paghi Kwaga
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is one of the most complex parasitic diseases known to humankind. It usually occurs in endemic areas in Africa, but is occasionally detected in returning travelers and migra...
Leptospirosis morbidity and mortality rates in China have decreased since the 2000s. Further analyses of the spatiotemporal and demographic changes occurring in the last decade and its implication on estimates...
Authors: Pandji Wibawa Dhewantara, Abdullah A. Mamun, Wen-Yi Zhang, Wen-Wu Yin, Fan Ding, Danhuai Guo, Wenbiao Hu, Federico Costa, Albert Icksang Ko and Ricardo J. Soares Magalhães
Schistosomiasis is a water-based disease transmitted by trematodes belonging to the genus Schistosoma. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and access to ...
Authors: Richard K. M’Bra, Brama Kone, Yapi G. Yapi, Kigbafori D. Silué, Ibrahima Sy, Danielle Vienneau, Nagnin Soro, Guéladio Cissé and Jürg Utzinger
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal bile duct cancer associated with infection by the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, in the lower Mekong region. Numerous public health interventions have focused on reducing...
Authors: Jennifer A. Steele, Carsten H. Richter, Pierre Echaubard, Parichat Saenna, Virginia Stout, Paiboon Sithithaworn and Bruce A. Wilcox
Leukaemia is a malignant leukocyte disorder with a high fatality rate, and current treatments for this disease are unsatisfactory. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies for leukaemia must be developed. Malaria...
Authors: Zhen-Zhen Tong, Zheng-Ming Fang, Qi Zhang, Yun Zhan, Yue Zhang, Wan-Fang Jiang, Xiao Hou, Yong-Long Li and Ting Wang
Asia and its Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is particularly vulnerable to environmental change, especially climate and land use changes further influenced by rapid population growth, high level of poverty a...
Brazil has seen a great decline in malaria and the country is moving towards elimination. However, for eventual elimination, the control program needs efficient tools in order to monitor malaria exposure and t...
Authors: Virginia Araujo Pereira, Juan Camilo Sánchez-Arcila, Mariana Pinheiro Alves Vasconcelos, Amanda Ribeiro Ferreira, Lorene de Souza Videira, Antonio Teva, Daiana Perce-da-Silva, Maria Teresa Queiroz Marques, Luzia Helena de Carvalho, Dalma Maria Banic, Luiz Cristóvão Sobrino Pôrto and Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira
A wide variety of pathogens could be maintained and transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis. The aim of this study is to systematically examine the variety of pathogens carried by Haemaphysalis longicornis, an i...
Authors: Lu Zhuang, Juan Du, Xiao-Ming Cui, Hao Li, Fang Tang, Pan-He Zhang, Jian-Gong Hu, Yi-Gang Tong, Zhi-Chun Feng and Wei Liu
